Öz

Tip B laktik asidoz, nadir görülen, hayatı tehdit eden ve hematolojik malignitelerle ilişkilendirilmiş bir tablodur. Bu tablo, hızlı tanı ve tedavi gerektirmesi nedeniyle klinik açıdan büyük önem taşır. Malignitelerle ilişkisinin temelinde Warburg etkisi yer alır. Warburg etkisi, tümör hücrelerinin enerji üretimi için oksidatif fosforilasyon yerine glikoliz yolunu tercih etmesi durumudur ve bu durum ciddi laktik asidoz gelişimine yol açabilir.

Burada Warburg fenomeni ile açıklanabilecek şekilde ciddi laktik asidoz ve hipoglisemi ile başvuran, yoğun bakımda takip edilen ve ardından lenfoma tanısı alan iki vakayı paylaşacağız. Vakaların hızlı ve başarılı bir şekilde yönetilmesini detaylandırarak, Warburg fenomeni ile ilgili literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçlıyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: tip B laktik asidoz, hipoglisemi, hematolojik malignite, yoğun bakım

Referanslar

  1. Fall PJ, Szerlip HM. Lactic acidosis: from sour milk to septic shock. J Intensive Care Med. 2005;20:255-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066605278644
  2. de Groot R, Sprenger RA, Imholz ALT, Gerding MN. Type B lactic acidosis in solid malignancies. Neth J Med. 2011;69:120-3.
  3. Foucher CD, Tubben RE. Lactic Acidosis. In: statPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
  4. Potter M, Newport E, Morten KJ. The warburg effect: 80 years on. Biochem Soc Trans. 2016;44:1499-505. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20160094
  5. Pascale RM, Calvisi DF, Simile MM, Feo CF, Feo F. The warburg effect 97 years after its discovery. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12:2819. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102819
  6. Shankland KR, Armitage JO, Hancock BW. Non-hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet. 2012;380:848-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60605-9
  7. Armitage JO, Gascoyne RD, Lunning MA, Cavalli F. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet. 2017;390:298-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32407-2
  8. Bakker J, Nijsten MW, Jansen TC. Clinical use of lactate monitoring in critically ill patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2013;3:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/2110-5820-3-12
  9. Friedenberg AS, Brandoff DE, Schiffman FJ. Type B lactic acidosis as a severe metabolic complication in lymphoma and leukemia: a case series from a single institution and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2007;86:225-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0b013e318125759a
  10. Granchi C, Bertini S, Macchia M, Minutolo F. Inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase isoforms and their therapeutic potentials. Curr Med Chem. 2010;17:672-97. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986710790416263
  11. Devic S. Warburg effect - a consequence or the cause of carcinogenesis? J Cancer. 2016;7:817-22. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.14274
  12. Liberti MV, Locasale JW. The warburg effect: how does it benefit cancer cells? Trends Biochem Sci. 2016;41:211-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2015.12.001
  13. Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ. Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis? Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4:891-99. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1478
  14. Pauwels EK, Sturm EJ, Bombardieri E, Cleton FJ, Stokkel MP. Positron-emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Part I. Biochemical uptake mechanism and its implication for clinical studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2000;126:549-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008465
  15. Ferreruela M, Raurich JM, Ayestarán I, Llompart-Pou JA. Hyperlactatemia in ICU patients: incidence, causes and associated mortality. J Crit Care. 2017;42:200-05. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.07.039
  16. Ustun C, Fall P, Szerlip HM, et al. Multiple myeloma associated with lactic acidosis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2002;43:2395-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/1042819021000040116
  17. He YF, Wei W, Sun ZM, et al. Fatal lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia in a patient with relapsed natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Adv Ther. 2007;24:505-09. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02848772
  18. Ruiz JP, Singh AK, Hart P. Type B lactic acidosis secondary to malignancy: case report, review of published cases, insights into pathogenesis, and prospects for therapy. ScientificWorldJournal. 2011;11:1316-24. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2011.125
  19. Elhomsy GC, Eranki V, Albert SG, et al. “Hyper-warburgism,” a cause of asymptomatic hypoglycemia with lactic acidosis in a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:4311-16. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2327
  20. Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Whitaker-Menezes D, Valsecchi M, et al. Reverse warburg effect in a patient with aggressive B-cell lymphoma: is lactic acidosis a paraneoplastic syndrome? Semin Oncol. 2013;40:403-18. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.04.016
  21. Tang P, Perry AM, Akhtari M. A case of type B lactic acidosis in multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2013;13:80-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clml.2012.07.005
  22. Buppajarntham S, Junpaparp P, Kue-A-Pai P. Warburg effect associated with transformed lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31:999.e5-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.01.038
  23. Sia P, Plumb TJ, Fillaus JA. Type B lactic acidosis associated with multiple myeloma. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013;62:633-37. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.03.036
  24. El Imad T, El Khoury L, Geara AS. Warburg’s effect on solid tumors. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2014;25:1270-77. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-2442.144266
  25. Yun S, Walker CN, Vincelette ND, Anwer F. Acute renal failure and type B lactic acidosis as first manifestation of extranodal T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014:bcr2014205044. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-205044
  26. Kuo CY, Yeh ST, Huang CT, Lin SF. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with type B lactic acidosis and hemophagocytic syndrome. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2014;30:428-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2013.10.001
  27. Claudino WM, Dias A, Tse W, Sharma VR. Type B lactic acidosis: a rare but life threatening hematologic emergency. A case illustration and brief review. Am J Blood Res. 2015;5:25-29.
  28. Wahab A, Kesari K, J Smith S, Liu Y, Barta SK. Type B lactic acidosis, an uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome. Cancer Biol Ther. 2018;19:101-04. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2017.1394550
  29. Arif H, Zahid S, Kaura A. Persistent lactic acidosis: thinking outside the box. Cureus. 2018;10:e2561. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2561
  30. Mejia M, Perez A, Watson H, et al. Successful treatment of severe type B lactic acidosis in a patient with HIV/AIDS-associated high-grade NHL. Case Reports Immunol. 2018;2018:9093623. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9093623
  31. Talwalkar PG. Severe and persistent hypoglycemia with lactic acidosis in an elderly lady with type 2 diabetes mellitus and lymphomaleukemia: a rare case report. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13:648-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.037
  32. Hamada T, Kaku T, Mitsu S, Morita Y, Ohno N, Yamaguchi H. Lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia in a patient with gastric diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma due to the warburg Effect. Case Rep Oncol. 2020;13:1047-52. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509510
  33. Al Maqrashi Z, Sedarous M, Pandey A, Ross C, Wyne A. Refractory hyperlactatemia and hypoglycemia in an adult with non-hodgkin’s lymphoma: a case report and review of the warburg effect. Case Rep Oncol. 2021;14:1159-67. https://doi.org/10.1159/000517658
  34. Goyal I, Ogbuah C, Chaudhuri A, Quinn T, Sharma R. Confirmed hypoglycemia without whipple triad: a rare case of hyper-warburgism. J Endocr Soc. 2020;5:bvaa182. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa182
  35. Hwang CS, Hwang DG, Aboulafia DM. A clinical triad with fatal implications: recrudescent diffuse large B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma presenting in the leukemic phase with an elevated serum lactic acid level and dysregulation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene - a case report and literature review. Clin Med Insights Blood Disord. 2021;14:2634853521994094. https://doi.org/10.1177/2634853521994094
  36. Looyens C, Giraud R, Neto Silva I, Bendjelid K. Burkitt lymphoma and lactic acidosis: a case report and review of the literature. Physiol Rep. 2021;9:e14737. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14737
  37. Salcedo Betancourt JD, Garcia Valencia OA, Becerra-Gonzales VG, et al. Severe type-B lactic acidosis in a patient with bilateral renal Burkitt’s lymphoma. Clin Nephrol Case Stud. 2021;9:49-53. https://doi.org/10.5414/CNCS110123
  38. Wang C, Lv Z, Zhang Y. Type B lactic acidosis associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the Warburg effect. J Int Med Res. 2022;50:3000605211067749. https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605211067749

Nasıl atıf yapılır?

1.
Özdemir ZÖ, Özdemir E, Halaçlı B, Güven G, Topeli A. Laktat yüksekliğinin nadir görülen sebebi: Warburg etkisiyle açıklanan iki lenfoma vakası ve literatür taraması. Turk J Intensive Care. 2025;23(4):326-334. https://doi.org/10.63729/TJIC.2025.677