Öz
Amaç:
Bu çalışma, santral venöz kateter bakımında kullanılan yöntemlerin santral venöz kateter ilişkili enfeksiyona etkisini belirlemek amacı ile sistematik bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem:
Bu sistematik derlemede; “Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, Proquest, Cochrane Library, ULAKBİM, EBSCOhost ve Google Akademik olmak üzeri 8 veri tabanından ulaşılabilen, 1 Ocak 2007-15 Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında yapılan araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Türkçe ve İngilize olarak “bakım”, “santral venöz kateter”, “enfeksiyon”, “kateter ilişkili enfeksiyon”, “kateterizasyon” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda; araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmalar taranmış olup, 40 yayın çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular:
Sistematik derlemeye dahil edilen araştırmaların 11’i prospektif, 8’i randomize kontrollü deneysel, 5’i retrospektif, 3’ü gözlemsel, 3’ü tanımlayıcı, 3’ü yarı deneysel, 2’si prospektif randomize kontrollü deneysel, diğerleri ise prospektif-gözlemsel-girişimsel-kesintili zaman serileri, metodolojik, kesitsel, tek gruplu ön test-son test yarı deneysel, retrospektif-yarı deneysel araştırma tasarımına sahiptir. Elde edilen araştırma sonuçlarına göre %2, %4 klorheksidin, povidon iyot, oktenidin hidrokloritinin deri antisepsisinde kullanıldığı; katater yerleştirme ve bakımına ilişkin bakım paketlerinin kullanıldığı; klorheksidin glukonat emdirilmiş sünger sargı, poliüretan şeffaf film örtü, gazlı bez ve mikro gözenekli bantların santral venöz kateter pansumanında; klorheksidinin hasta banyosunda kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç:
Klorheksidin solüsyonunun deri antisepsisinde ve hasta banyosunda kullanılmasının, klorheksidin emdirilmiş sünger sargıların ve şeffaf film örtülerin kateter alanının kapatılmasında kullanılmasının kateter ilişkili enfeksiyon insidansını düşürebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca hastalara, çeşitli disiplinler tarafından oluşturulan santral venöz kateter bakım paketlerinin uygulanmasının etkili hemşirelik bakım uygulamaları arasında olduğu ve kateter ilişkili enfeksiyonun önlenmesinde yararlı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bakım, enfeksiyon, hemşirelik, santral venöz kateter
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