ÖZET
Amaç:
Bu araştırmada amaç yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatan hastalarda bası yarası gelişimini etkileyen risk faktörleri saptamak, bası yaralarını önlemek için yapılan hemşirelik girişimlerini belirlemek, bası yaralarındaki iyileşme durumu tespit etmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem:
Bu araştırma izleme-uzamsal (follow-up longitidunal) tipte, 01.09.2018-30.11.2018 tarihlerinde bir ilde bulunan devlet hastanesindeki, yoğun bakım ünitesinde 48 hasta ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler Braden bası yarası değerlendirme ölçeği, bası yarası değerlendirme formu, bası yarası iyileşme değerlendirme formu ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular:
On beş gün ve üzeri yatış süresi olan, mekanik ventilatör ile desteklenen, bilinci kapalı, enteral beslenen, yatakta hareketsiz olan, albumin düzeyi 2,5 g/dL ve altında olan veya hemoglobin düzeyi 10 g/dL veya altı olan hastalarda bası yaralanmaları anlamlı olarak daha fazla olarak belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Klinikte yapılan hemşirelik girişimleri (pozisyon verme, masaj yapma, bariyer krem kullanma, deriyi nemlendirme, çarşafları kuru ve gergin tutma) ile hastaneye başvuru sırasında mevcut olan bası yaralanması gelişimi veya bası yaralanmalarının iyileşmesi arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05).
Sonuç:
Yoğun bakımda yatan hastalarda bası yarası gelişimi için başlıca risk faktörleri enteral beslenme, bilinç veya bilinç kaybı ve hemoglobin düzeyidir. Hemşirelerin basınç yarası riski yüksek olan hastalara müdahale etmesi nedeniyle pozisyon verilen ve derisi nemli olan hastalarda daha fazla basınç yarası meydana gelmiştir. Ayrıca oluşan bası yaralanmalarının iyileşmesinde de bir gelişme olmamıştır.
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