ÖZET
Amaç:
Hemşireler, pandemi ile mücadelenin ön saflarında görev almaktadır. Bu çalışma, yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVİD-19) pandemisinin ilk döneminde yaşadıkları deneyimleri, sorunları, motivasyon ve destek kaynaklarını ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem:
Araştırma tanımlayıcı nitel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini İzmir ilinde bir devlet hastanesinin yoğun bakım ünitesinde görev yapan ve COVİD-19 virüsü ile enfekte hastalara bakım veren 12 yoğun bakım hemşiresi oluşturmuştur.
Bulgular:
Ana temalar (alt temalar); duygular (endişe/kaygı), hasta bakımındaki zorluklar (aspirasyon, entübasyon), hemşirelerin aldığı önlemler (iç izolasyon), pandeminin yoğun bakım hemşireleri üzerindeki etkileri (fiziksel; sırt ağrısı, psikolojik; uyku sorunları, sosyal; dışlama), hemşirelerinin destek ve motivasyon kaynakları (ekip arkadaşları desteği), pandemi sürecinin olumlu katkıları (kriz yönetimi) olarak belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç:
Yoğun bakım hemşireleri pandemi döneminde fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal sorunlar yaşamıştır. Bu süreçte destek kaynakları ile güçlenmeye çalıştıkları ve kriz yönetiminde beceri kazandıkları belirlenmiştir.
References
1
Bruyneel A, Lucchini A, Hoogendoorn M. Impact of COVID-19 on nursing workload as measured with the Nursing Activities Score in intensive care. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022;69:103170.
2
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health. (2020). COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) Guide.
3
Marks S, Edwards S, Jerge EH. Rapid Deployment of Critical Care Nurse Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nurse Lead 2021;19:165-9.
4
Huang L, Lin G, Tang L, Yu L, Zhou Z. Special attention to nurses’ protection during the COVID-19 epidemic. Crit Care 2020;24:120.
5
Jackson D, Bradbury-Jones C, Baptiste D, Gelling L, Morin K, Neville S, Smith GD. Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID-19. J Clin Nurs 2020;29:2041-3.
6
Seale H, Leask J, Po K, MacIntyre CR. “Will they just pack up and leave?” - attitudes and intended behaviour of hospital health care workers during an influenza pandemic. BMC Health Serv Res 2009;9:30.
7
Hope K, Massey PD, Osbourn M, Durrheim DN, Kewley CD, Turner C, et al. Senior clinical nurses effectively contribute to the pandemic influenza public health response. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing (Online) 2011;28:47.
8
Chiang HH, Chen MB, Sue IL. Self-state of nurses in caring for SARS survivors. Nurs Ethics 2007;14:18-26.
9
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:475-81.
10
Kıraner E, Terzi B, Türkmen E, Kebapçı A, Bozkurt G. Experiences of Turkish Intensive Care Nurses during the COVID-19 Outbreak. HEAD 2020;17:284-6.
11
Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA. Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;323:1499-500.
12
Halacli B, Kaya A, Topeli A. Critically-ill COVID-19 patient. Turk J Med Sci 2020;50:585-91.
13
Lam KK, Hung SY. Perceptions of emergency nurses during the human swine influenza outbreak: a qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2013;21:240-6.
14
Holroyd E, McNaught C. The SARS crisis: reflections of Hong Kong nurses. Int Nurs Rev 2008;55:27-33.
15
Khalid I, Khalid TJ, Qabajah MR, Barnard AG, Qushmaq IA. Healthcare Workers Emotions, Perceived Stressors and Coping Strategies During a MERS-CoV Outbreak. Clin Med Res 2016;14:7-14.
16
Koh Y, Hegney D, Drury V. Nurses’ perceptions of risk from emerging respiratory infectious diseases: a Singapore study. Int J Nurs Pract 2012;18:195-204.
17
Chung BP, Wong TK, Suen ES, Chung JW. SARS: caring for patients in Hong Kong. J Clin Nurs 2005;14:510-7.
18
Carmassi C, Foghi C, Dell’Oste V, Cordone A, Bertelloni CA, Bui E, et al. PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers facing the three coronavirus outbreaks: What can we expect after the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2020;292:113312.
19
Ives J, Greenfield S, Parry JM, Draper H, Gratus C, Petts JI, et al. Healthcare workers’ attitudes to working during pandemic influenza: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2009;9:56.
20
Corley A, Hammond NE, Fraser JF. The experiences of health care workers employed in an Australian intensive care unit during the H1N1 Influenza pandemic of 2009: a phenomenological study. Int J Nurs Stud 2010;47:577-85.
21
Fernandez R, Lord H, Halcomb E, Moxham L, Middleton R, Alananzeh I, et al. Implications for COVID-19: A systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. Int J Nurs Stud 2020;111:103637.
22
Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care 2007;19:349-57.
23
Kim Y. Nurses’ experiences of care for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in South Korea. Am J Infect Control 2018;46:781-7.
24
Kang HS, Son YD, Chae SM, Corte C. Working experiences of nurses during the Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak. Int J Nurs Pract 2018;24:e12664.
25
Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, Jiao D, Song R, Ma L, et al. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Am J Infect Control 2020;48:592-8.
26
O’Boyle C, Robertson C, Secor-Turner M. Nurses’ beliefs about public health emergencies: fear of abandonment. Am J Infect Control 2006;34:351-7.
27
Arnetz JE, Goetz CM, Sudan S, Arble E, Janisse J, Arnetz BB. Personal Protective Equipment and Mental Health Symptoms Among Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Occup Environ Med 2020;62:892-7.
28
Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7:e14.
29
Liu Q, Luo D, Haase JE, Guo Q, Wang XQ, Liu S, et al. The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study. Lancet Glob Health 2020;8:e790-8.
30
Lucchini A, Giani M, Elli S, Villa S, Rona R, Foti G. Nursing Activities Score is increased in COVID-19 patients. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2020;59:102876.
31
Hoogendoorn ME, Brinkman S, Bosman RJ, Haringman J, de Keizer NF, Spijkstra JJ. The impact of COVID-19 on nursing workload and planning of nursing staff on the Intensive Care: A prospective descriptive multicenter study. Int J Nurs Stud 2021;121:104005.
32
Rae PJL, Pearce S, Greaves PJ, Dall’Ora C, Griffiths P, Endacott R. Outcomes sensitive to critical care nurse staffing levels: A systematic review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2021;67:103110.
33
Joo JY, Liu MF. Nurses’ barriers to caring for patients with COVID-19: a qualitative systematic review. Int Nurs Rev 2021;68:202-13.
34
Yin X, Zeng L. A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory. Int J Nurs Sci 2020;7:157-60.
