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Evaluation of Early and Late Tracheostomy Applications in Intensive Care Patients Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Four-year Tertiary Center Experience
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Original Research
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Evaluation of Early and Late Tracheostomy Applications in Intensive Care Patients Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Four-year Tertiary Center Experience

DOI: 10.4274/tybd.galenos.2023.60362
Kadir Arslan
Ayça Sultan Şahin
1. University of Health Sciences Turkey, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İstanbul, Turkey
No information available.
No information available
Received Date: 01.10.2022
Accepted Date: 12.10.2023
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ABSTRACT

Objective:

With the COVID-19 pandemic, optimal tracheostomy time has become critical. This study investigates the effects of early and late tracheostomy applications performed in a tertiary center’s Intensive Care Unit (ICU) on patient outcomes and mortality during the four years before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy in the ICU between March 2018 and March 2022. Patients were classified as Group 1 (early <10 days) and Group 2 (late ≥ ten days) and evaluated in periods before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic data, clinical features, and mortality of the patients were analyzed.

Results:

One hundred thirty-seven patients were included in the study. Of the population, 62% were male, and 29.1% underwent early tracheostomy. Although the mean age of the patients in Group 1 and the length of stay in the ICU were significantly lower, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of mortality. Cranial pathologies were the most common indication for hospitalization in the ICU of patients who underwent tracheostomy before the pandemic, while COVID-19 was during the pandemic period. There was no significant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on early-late tracheostomy rates, length of stay in the ICU, and mortality. During the pandemic, there was a significant difference in mortality only in patients with cranial pathology.

Conclusion:

In this study, it was determined that early tracheostomy application decreased the length of ICU stay but did not significantly affect mortality. In addition, we found that the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect mortality, except for early-late tracheostomy rates and patients with cranial pathology.