References

  1. Cove M, Kellum JA. The End of the Bicarbonate Era? A Therapeutic Application of the Stewart Approach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;201:757-8.
  2. Magder S, Emami A. Practical approach to physical-chemical acid-base management. Stewart at the bedside. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015;12:111-7.
  3. Story DA. Stewart Acid-Base: A Simplified Bedside Approach. Anesth Analg 2016;123:511-5.
  4. Tontu F, Aşar S, Bilgin Ören Z, Yıldız GÖ, Tontu Arslan K, Çukurova Z. Stewart’s Approach for Acid-base Disorders: Does the Strong Ion Difference and Effects Have an Impact on Intensive Care Unit Mortality?. Turkish Journal of Intensive Care 2023;21:25-32.
  5. Schork A, Moll K, Haap M, Riessen R, Wagner R. Course of lactate, pH and base excess for prediction of mortality in medical intensive care patients. PLoS One 2021;16:e0261564.
  6. Gucyetmez B, Atalan HK. Non-lactate strong ion difference: a clearer picture. J Anesth 2016;30:391-6.
  7. Gharipour A, Razavi R, Gharipour M, Modarres R, Nezafati P, Mirkheshti N. The incidence and outcome of severe hyperlactatemia in critically ill patients. Intern Emerg Med 2021;16:115-23.
  8. Alshiakh SM. Role of serum lactate as prognostic marker of mortality among emergency department patients with multiple conditions: A systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2023;11:20503121221136401.
  9. Jyoti D, Kumar A, Halim T, Hai AA. The Association Between Serum Lactate Concentration, Base Deficit, and Mortality in Polytrauma Patients as a Prognostic Factor: An Observational Study. Cureus 2022;14:e28200.
  10. de Meneses FA, Bezerra I, Riberio E, Furtado Junior AH, Peixoto Junior AA. Base excess and early mortality in patients admitted to the general intensive care unit at a university hospital in Fortaleza. Critical Care 2007;11:1.
  11. Berndtson AE, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG, Sen S. Strong ion difference and gap predict outcomes after adult burn injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013;75:555-60.
  12. Haas SA, Lange T, Saugel B, Petzoldt M, Fuhrmann V, Metschke M, et al. Severe hyperlactatemia, lactate clearance and mortality in unselected critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2016;42:202-10.
  13. Ferreruela M, Raurich JM, Ayestarán I, Llompart-Pou JA. Hyperlactatemia in ICU patients: Incidence, causes and associated mortality. J Crit Care 2017;42:200-5.
  14. Rishu AH, Khan R, Al-Dorzi HM, Tamim HM, Al-Qahtani S, Al-Ghamdi G, et al. Even mild hyperlactatemia is associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2013;17:R197.

How to cite?

1.
Tontu F. Reply to: Comment on “Stewart’s Approach for Acid-base Disorders: Does the Strong Ion Difference and Effects Have an Impact on Intensive Care Unit Mortality?”. Turk J Intensive Care. 2023;21(2):151-152. https://doi.org/10.4274/tybd.galenos.2023.97659