Abstract

Objective:

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between workload perception and the work-life balance of intensive care nurses working during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

Descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted with 325 intensive care nurses who were members of the Turkish Intensive Care Nurses Association. Data were collected via WhatsApp using Google Surveys for a Nurse Information form, the Individual Workload Perception scale, and the Work-Life Balance scale. Pearson’s correlation and regression analyses were used for the data analysis in addition to descriptive statistics.

Results:

The total average score of the Personal Workload Scale of the intensive care nurses was 3.26±0.60 [minimum (min): 1.71; maximum (max): 4.87] and the total average score of the Work-life Balance scale was 2.79±0.710 (min: 1.3; max: 4.9). The Workload scale total average score significantly increased the Work-life Balance total average score (β=0.658). Daily work time in the intensive care unit significantly decreased the work-life balance total average score (β=-0.160).

Conclusion:

Intensive care nurses’ workload perception and work-life balance were at a moderate level. Workload and long working hours deteriorate the work-life balance of intensive care nurses. Administrative and organizational regulations to enhance the work-life balance of the intensive care nurses by decreasing the workload can be effective in reaching the desired patient care results.

Keywords: COVID-19, work-life balance, workload, pandemic, intensive care, intensive care nursing

References

  1. The Worldometers. 2021. Available from: URL: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. Accesed March 22, 2021.
  2. Chen SC, Lai YH, Tsay SL. Nursing Perspectives on the Impacts of COVID-19. J Nurs Res 2020;28:e85.
  3. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382:1708-20.
  4. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497-506.
  5. Al Mutair A, Amr A, Ambani Z, Salman KA, Schwebius D. Nursing Surge Capacity Strategies for Management of Critically Ill Adults with COVID-19. Nurs Rep 2020;10:23-32.
  6. Alhazzani W, Al-Suwaidan F, Al Aseri Z, Mutair AA, Alghamdi G, Rabaan AA, et al. The saudi critical care society clinical practice guidelines on the management of COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit. Saudi Crit. Care J 2020;4:27-44.
  7. Kıraner E, Terzi B. Intensive care nursing in Covid-19 pandemic process. J Criti Care Nurs 2020;24:83-8.
  8. Liew MF, Siow WT, MacLaren G, See KC. Preparing for COVID-19: early experience from an intensive care unit in Singapore. Crit Care 2020;24:83.
  9. Cox KS, Anderson SC, Teasley SL, Sexton KA, Carroll CA. Nurses’ work environment perceptions when employed in states with and without mandatory staffing ratios and/or mandatory staffing plans. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2005;6:191-7.
  10. Zaki Dajani MA, Mostafa BA. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Egyptian women psychological empowerment and work-life balance. Journal of Business Administration Research 2021;10:20-31.
  11. Tuğsal T. The effect of work-life balance, social support and socio-demographic factors on burnout (PhD thesis). Istanbul: Istanbul Commerce University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration: 2017.
  12. Marinaci T, Carpinelli L, Venuleo C, Savarese G, Cavallo P. Emotional distress, psychosomatic symptoms and their relationship with institutional responses: A survey of Italian frontline medical staff during the Covid-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2020;6:e05766.
  13. SotoSoto-Rubio A, Giménez-Espert MDC, Prado-Gascó V. Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Psychosocial Risks on Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Nurses’ Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 202017:7998.
  14. Cox KS. Individual work environment perception scale user’s manual. Kansas City, MO: Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics; 2003.
  15. Saygılı M. Evaluation of the relationship between the perceptions of the hospital employees regarding the work environment and their job satisfaction levels (thesis). Ankara: Hacettepe University: Institute of Health Sciences; 2008.
  16. Apaydın Ç. Relationship between work a holism levels of faculty members and work-life balance and work-family life balance (thesis). Ankara: Ankara Üniversity: Institute of Education Sciences; 2011.
  17. Pamuk K. The effect of nurses’ individual workload perception on individualized care perceptions (thesis). Afyon: Afyon Kocatepe University Institute of Health Sciences: Surgical Diseases Nursing Department; 2017.
  18. Alan H, Eskin Bacaksiz F, Tiryaki Sen H, Taskiran Eskici G, Gumus E, Harmanci Seren AK. “I’m a hero, but…”: An evaluation of depression, anxiety, and stress levels of frontline healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021;57:1126-36.
  19. Shen X, Zou X, Zhong X, Yan J, Li L. Psychological stress of ICU nurses in the time of COVID-19. Crit Care 2020;24:200.
  20. Avcı A. Perception of nursing workload in surgical intensive care units and investigation of workload (thesis). Ankara: Hacettepe University Institute of Health Sciences: Nursing Principles and Management Program; 2019.
  21. Ozyer Y. Workload perception, work-related stress and medical error attitudes of nurses working in surgical clinics (thesis). Ordu: Ordu University Institute of Health Sciences: Department of Nursing; 2016.
  22. Karacabay K, Savcı A, Çömez S, Çelik N. Determining the relationship between surgical nurses’ workload perceptions and their medical error tendencies. Journal of Mersin University Health Science 2020;13:404-17.
  23. Hoogendoorn ME, Brinkman S, Spijkstra JJ, Bosman RJ, Margadant CC, Haringman J, et al. The objective nursing workload and perceived nursing workload in Intensive Care Units: Analysis of association. Int J Nurs Stud 2021;114:103852.
  24. Johnson-Coyle L, Opgenorth D, Bellows M, Dhaliwal J, Richardson-Carr S, Bagshaw SM. Moral distress and burnout among cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit healthcare professionals: A prospective cross-sectional survey. Can J Crit Care Nurs 2016;27:27-36.
  25. LoGiudice JA, Bartos S. Experiences of Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study. AACN Adv Crit Care 2021;32:14-26.
  26. Sharma N, Nayak P. Study on work life balance and organisation policy in IT sector in NCR. Amity Global Business Review 2016;8:1680-7.
  27. Kowitlawkul Y, Yap SF, Makabe S, Chan S, Takagai J, Tam WWS, et al. Investigating nurses’ quality of life and work-life balance statuses in Singapore. Int Nurs Rev 2019;66:61-9.
  28. Johari J, Tan FY, Tjik Zulkarnain ZI. Autonomy, workload, work-life balance and job performance among teachers. International Journal of Educational Management 2018;32:107-20.
  29. Oyama Y, Fukahori H. A literature review of factors related to hospital nurses’ health-related quality of life. J Nurs Manag 2015;23:661-73.
  30. Makabe S, Takagai J, Asanuma Y, Ohtomo K, Kimura Y. Impact of work-life imbalance on job satisfaction and quality of life among hospital nurses in Japan. Ind Health 2015;53:152-9.
  31. Nurumal M, Makabe S, Che Jamaludin FI, Mohd Yusof HF, Aung KT, Kowitlawakul Y. Work-life balance among teaching hospital nurses in Malaysia. Global Journal of Health Science 2017;9:81-9.
  32. Sharma T. Work life balance in COVID time. J Perioper Crit Intensive Care Nurs 2020;S1:151.

How to cite?

1.
Terzi B, Azizoğlu F. Investigation of the Relationship Between Workload Perception and the Work-life Balance of Intensive Care Nurses Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-based Cross-sectional Study. Turk J Intensive Care. 2023;21(4):280-287. https://doi.org/10.4274/tybd.galenos.2023.60565